Yield stability evaluation in melon (Cucumis melo L.) hybrid based on additive main effects and multiplicative interaction, GGEbiplot software and multi-trait stability index in Malang, Indonesia

Importance of the work: The increasing demand for melon in Malang City, Indonesia, coupled with agro-climatic challenges, necessitates the development of stable and high-yielding varieties. Objectives: To evaluate stable and high-yielding hybrid melon genotypes by integrating multiple methods, namely additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), GGEbiplot software and the multi-trait stability index (MTSI). Materials and Methods: In total, 20 low-temperature-resistant hybrid melon genotypes were evaluated (selected for their resilience across four locations in Malang), using a randomized complete block design with three replications. AMMI and GGEbiplot analyses were conducted on fruit weight and fruit sweetness, while the MTSI was used to assess multiple traits, including size and quality. Results: The AMMI analysis identified G4 and G13 as genotypes with high fruit weight and stable performance across the various environments. G10, G14 and G16 had high sweetness and stable performance across these environments. The GGEbiplot analysis, using the means versus stability model, identified G4, G11 and G13 as the best genotypes for fruit weight and G9 and G4 as the best for sweetness. Furthermore, the “Which-Won-Where” model revealed that, for fruit weight, G3 was the best genotype in locations L1, L2, L4, while G10 was the best in L3. However, for fruit sweetness, no specific environmental preferences were observed. The MTSI analysis identified G9 as the best genotype, demonstrating promising trait stability. Main finding: High-yielding and stable hybrid melon genotypes were identified. These could serve as a basis for melon breeding programs in Malang City.