Water temperature variation of Segara Anakan, Sempu Island, South Malang, Indonesia in relation to the climate variation

Water temperature variation and its correlation to meteorological factors and climate variation was studied at Segara Anakan Lagoon of Sempu Island during January 2012 to December 2013. Tidbit water temperature data, ECMWF meteorological data, climatic indices were analysed statistically. The result showed that the range of water temperature was between 23.7 to 30.4°C. Pearson correlation between water temperature and meteorological factors varied seasonally. The highest water temperature (30.4°C) occurred in Northwest Monsoon, was mainly affected by precipitation (r = -0.999). While, the lowest ones (23.7°C) in Southeast Monsoon, was affected by all meteorological factors. Furthermore, in transitional seasons (transitional-1: r = 0.977; transitional-2: r = 0.744), it was affected by solar radiation. This study also informed that there was no difference between water temperature and satellite SST (t<t_tab: 1.288<2.074; sig: 0.211>0.05) which showed that satellite SST were able to substitute the limited in situ data (Tidbit water temperature). PCA analysis indicated that climate factors (mainly SOI and DMI) affected water temperature of Segara Anakan. Present study suggested that good quality with direct and continuous measurement of local water temperature data and compiled with meteorological data and climate index were important for further prediction of water temperature variation as climate adaptation in South Malang.