Tourism resilience post pandemic social, economic and health risks in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park: Structural model approach

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all sectors. It has halted the tourism sector due to restrictions on community mobility in almost all countries. Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) is one of the conservation areas that is used for nature tourism. However, nature tourism activities are very vulnerable to global shocks such as Covid-19. The frequent closure of the Bromo tourist area has an impact on the village community on the BTSNP tourism route socially, economically and healthily. This study aims to identify whether the number of tourists in the BTSNP tourist area has a significant effect on tourism resilience in terms of social, economic, and health risks. The research method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine the variables that have a significant influence on the number of tourists. Data collection is done through direct surveys. The study was conducted in two villages as entry points for the BTSNP tourist area. The results of the multivariate normality test showed the percentage of the mahalanobis distance is 52% (> 50%) which means it meets the multinormal assumption. The results shows that the number of tourists has a significant effect on social factors of 0.363, the number of tourists has a significant effect on economic factors of 0.386, and the effect on health risks is 0.444. The result of this study can certainly be input for the government to take appropriate policies related to tourism along with the surrounding communities involved after a disaster, not limited to the Covid-19 pandemic.