Therapeutic Potential of Rat White Adipose MSCs: Phenotypic Stability and High Immunomodulatory PGE2 Secretion

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent promising therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine, with adipose tissue emerging as an advantageous source due to its accessibility and high stem cell yield. Despite extensive research on MSCs, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding rat white adipose-derived MSCs (RWA-MSCs), particularly their phenotypic stability during extended culture and immunomodulatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion capabilities. This study aimed to characterize RWA-MSCs immunophenotypically and evaluate their therapeutic potential through PGE2 secretion analysis. White adipose tissue was isolated from rats (Rattus norvegicus). Immunocytochemistry assessed surface markers (CD105, CD90, CD73, CD45) at third passage following International Society for Cellular Therapy criteria. PGE2 levels were quantified using ELISA in standard and secretome media conditions. Cells demonstrated robust growth characteristics, 70-80% confluence at fourth day of first passage and maintained consistent proliferation which demonstrated 60-70% confluence at second day of thirth passage. Immunophenotypic analysis revealed high expression of mesenchymal markers: CD105 (96.2%), CD90 (99.3%), CD73 (95.7%), with minimal hematopoietic marker CD45 (1.7%). Notably, secretome media induced significantly higher PGE2 production (5.6865±0.492 ng/mL) compared to standard serum-supplemented media (4.9428±0.098 ng/mL), representing 15.1% increase exceeding therapeutic immunomodulation thresholds. RWA-MSCs exhibit exceptional phenotypic stability and enhanced PGE2 secretion, supporting their potential as reliable candidates for cell-free therapeutic applications in inflammatory conditions. The data also highlight the use of white rate as model to understand health and production in animals.