The wisdom-frailty paradox: Mapping age stereotypes in contemporary Iranian media

This qualitative study explored age stereotypes and the age-stereotype paradox among older adults in Iran to inform efforts to reduce ageism. Fifteen older adults participated in semi-structured interviews, and data were analyzed using qualitative conventional content analysis. Two main types of ageism were identified: internalized ageism (self‑stigma) and external ageism (social bias and stereotypes). Overall, the findings demonstrate that ageism is sustained through the interaction between internal beliefs and external social structures. While some older adults internalize negative stereotypes and withdraw from social life, others maintain positive identities and continue to contribute to their families and communities. These results underscore the importance of interventions that promote positive representations of aging, encourage intergenerational interaction, and challenge stereotypes about older adults’ competence and social value. Strengthening such initiatives may help reduce age‑based prejudice and support healthier and more inclusive perceptions of aging in society.