The Role of Ecotourism in Biocultural Landscape to Harmonize Nature and Human towards Sustainable Development: Clungup Mangrove Conservation Area as a Case Study

Tourism development trends in the biocultural landscape have shown a significant increase, especially concerning tourist facilities. This has encouraged the emergence of problems between nature and humans. In several cases, many tourism destinations only highlight the attraction and neglect the efforts to preserve the environment. Meanwhile, the harmony between nature and humans provides many positive effects on the economic, agricultural, social, and tourism sectors. However, when this trend continues without harmony, it leads to the unsustainability of the environment. Therefore, to achieve sustainability for tourism in the biocultural landscape, the concept of ecotourism is pivotal. This is due to the symbiosis and relationship between nature and humans which serves as the main factors in the ecotourism concept. Moreover, ecotourism relies on the optimal use of natural and cultural landscapes and makes them attractive for tourism. Meanwhile, an example of the ecotourism application in the biocultural landscape was carried out by the communities in Clungup Beach, Malang Regency, namely Clungup Mangrove Conservation Area (CMC). Although the process still requires several optimization and development, its impact is felt directly by the community such as increased income, maintained natural conditions, and increased public awareness to protect the environment.