The Potential of Lampung Robusta Green Coffee (Coffea Canephora) Extract Toward T Cell Activation in ISA-brown Laying Chickens

Coffee (Coffea canephora) is one of the world's most popular beverages containing active chemicals such as caffeine, phenol, trigonelline, diterpenes, and water-soluble substances. Chlorogenic acids are a type of phenol found in coffee that can stimulate the immune system within the body. As a result, this natural substance promotes poultry growth by strengthening the immune system and preventing disease. There is a dearth of information on coffee as an immunomodulator in chickens, necessitating this investigation. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of Lampung Robusta green coffee extract on T lymphocyte cell activation in ISA-brown laying chickens. Ethanolic extract of the Lampung Robusta green coffee was prepared and subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. One-day-old ISA-brown laying chickens were divided into four groups: control (C), T1, T2, and T3 groups, which received extract coffee doses of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg BW, respectively. The relative numbers of TCD4⁺, CD8⁺, and CD45⁺ cells were determined using a flow cytometer. The results of the LC-MS analysis revealed that the Lampung Robusta green coffee extract also contained chlorogenic acids. With a dose of 1500 mg/kg BW, Lampung Robusta green coffee extract had an immunomodulatory effect on the T3 group, increasing the relative number of TCD4⁺ and CD45⁺ while decreasing CD8⁺. The relative number of TCD8⁺ was higher than that of TCD4⁺, suggesting immunosuppressive potential. The findings of this study revealed that Lampung Robusta green coffee extract is effective as an immunomodulator in chickens.