The in silico and toxicity study of fraction red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract on histology lymphoid organ and hepatopancreas in white shrimp (Litopanaeus vannamei)

The shrimp farming industry has experienced a high mortality caused by diseases in recent decades. One of the most common diseases is vibriosis. This research aims is to obtain information on compounds found in fraction one of Piper crocatum as a therapeutic agent using in silico prediction and evaluate the toxicity test with an LC50. The potential of active ingredient content from P. crocatum extract was analyzed by in silico methods. The LC50 test was conducted by injections of the fraction one extract of P. crocatum for 96 hours at doses of 0 (control), 2 μg/g, 4 μg/g, 6 μg/g, 8 μg/g, and 10 μg/g. In silico toxicity (LD50) analysis showed that citral had the highest toxicity value (LD₅₀) at 500 mg/kg and was classified as toxicity class 4, with an abundance value of 3.71%. The 10 μg/g concentration showed an LC50 mortality value of 53.3±5.8%. The percentage of heavy damage was observed at the concentration of 10 μg/g (53.33). These results indicate that the higher the concentration of fraction one extract of P. crocatum, the higher the percentage of damage to white shrimp's hepatopancreas and lymphoid organs.