The employment dimensions as the spatial determinants of poverty in less developed areas in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

This study seeks to investigate the impacts of employment issues on poverty from the spatial dimension. This study uses data from the Integrated Data on the Poverty Reduction Program (Data Terpadu Program Penanganan Fakir Miskin) that covers 306 sub-districts (kecamatan) in East Nusa Tenggara Province. This study demonstrates that female head of household, dependency ratio, unemployment, child labour, elderly workers, agricultural workers, non-agricultural workers, and scavenging sector workers have different impacts on sub-district-specific poverty. The results inform policymakers to emphasise the spatial heterogeneity aspect in reducing the poverty rate in less developed areas from the labour perspective.