The effect of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum on the expression of B220⁺ and CD11b⁺ cells in mice infected with Salmonella typhi

Defense against pathogens is essential for survival and it is controlled by innate and adaptive immunity. Phagocytosis is a complex mechanism that involved the activation of macrophages and its cytokines, stimulated T cells, then activation of B cells. Moringa oleifera plants are thought to have immunostimulatory properties due to its complex nutrients and phenolic acids and flavonoids contents as phytochemicals. Lactobacillus plantarum is able to produce lactic acid as the final product to reform carbohydrates, hydrogen peroxide, and bacteriocin as antimicrobial substances, which lead to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. This experiment aims to evaluate the CD11b⁺ and B220⁺ population after Salmonella typhi infection with/without administration of M.oleifera leaves extract. Salmonella typhi was labeled with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) to determine phagocytosis activity. This experiment used was a complete randomized factorial pattern design. Mice were divided into two groups, namely the without treatment group and treatment group mice (fermented red M. oleifera leaves extract dose 84 mg/kg BW) and infected by Salmonella typhi. Data analysis was confirmed with the one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey test (p<0.05). The results showed that fermented red M. oleifera leaves extract can increase the number of CD11b⁺and B220⁺ cells at the time of 2 hours and 4 hours.