The effect of MnSO₄ and unrefined sea salt on bioethanol production by lignocellulose degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using Phlebia sp. MG-60

This study aimed to determine the effects of MnSO₄ and sea salt against the degradation lignocellulose and ethanol production generated from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) using Phlebia sp. MG-60. The factorial experiment in a randomized block design was used, consists of two factors: MnSO₄ concentration (0, 300, and 600 mg/L), sea salt concentration (0%, 3%, and 5% (w/v). The results revealed that the addition of MnSO₄ and sea salt to substrate, and its interaction were significantly different (ρ value < 0.05) on the change of total soluble phenols (mg/g), total reducing sugar (mg/g), pH, lignin concentration (%), weight loss (%) and ethanol concentration (%). The best treatment from this study was obtained from the addition of MnSO₄ 300mg/l, sea salt 3% incubated for 20 days. This treatment has the highest value of total reducing sugars (22.471 mg/g), total soluble phenols (0.334 mg/g), weight loss (16.23%), ethanol (0.71%), lignin (19.17%) and pH (6.1).