Supercritical fluid extraction in aquaculture and fisheries: Sustainable recovery of bioactive compounds and by-product valorization

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), particularly using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂), has emerged as a green, efficient, and effective extraction technique. The method is based on CO₂ acting as a solvenxt to extract by-products and waste from algae, shrimp shells, and fish, allowing the isolation of valuable compounds from fisheries and aquaculture waste streams. In contrast, conventional techniques require high temperatures and large volumes of organic solvents, which can lead to compound degradation and environmental pollution. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the application and potential of SFE technology within and beyond the fisheries and aquaculture sectors. Finally, we present the prospects of SFE in advancing a circular bioeconomy model for the fisheries and aquaculture industries by reducing environmental impact and improving the value of their products.