Salacca zalacca Peel Ethanolic Extract Protect the Development Process Through the Modulation of Antioxidant in High Glucose Induced Zebra Fish Embryo

Gestational diabetes mellitus induces insulin resistance. This condition is an outcome of delayed glucose metabolism throughout pregnancy that leads to a reduction of glucose uptake facilitated by glucose transporter (GLUT), including GLUTI, produces imbalance of antioxidant expression, and induces abnormal production of ROS. Salacca zalacca (SZ) peel posses antidiabetic and cardioprotective properties. This study observed the effect of SZ peel extract on the expression of GLUT-1 and the development of the zebrafish embryo gestational diabetes model. Zebrafish embryos aged 2 hpf (hour post-fertilization) to 3 dpf (day post-fertilization) were divided into 5 groups [control; exposed to glucose 3%; and glucose 3% + SZ peel extract with concentration of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/ml respectively]. Body length and heart rate were measured on 3,4, and 6 dpf, GLUTI expression was measured by q-PCR on 3 dpf. Our study found that glucose increase the heart rate and lowered the body length of the zebrafish embryo. Administration of SZ peel extract significantly reduced the heart rate, increased the body length and the expression of GLUTI (p<0,05). Based on this finding, we conclude that SZ peel extract could prevent growth and development disorder in high glucose-induced zebrafish embryos through modulation of glucose metabolism.