Renal histopathology of type 1 diabetes mellitus model balb/c mice treated with goat milk yoghurt fortified by black rice bran flour

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by decreasing production of insulin hormone by pancreatic β cell which lead to the increase of blood sugar known as hyperglycemia. Yoghurt is an example of dairy products produced through fermentation process with the help of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) starter. Yoghurt contains several bioactive peptide antioxidant derivates which can be used by the body to prevent the formation of free radical. Black rice bran is also known to contain food fiber and high antioxidant in its pigment. The objective of this research is to determine the potency of goat milk yoghurt fortified by black rice bran flour as a treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus. This research used complete randomized design with 20 Balb/c mice divided into 5 treatment groups, negative control group, and positive control group induced by STZ single high dose 175 mg/kg b.wt. and treated with goat milk yoghurt fortified by black rice bran flour 0.14 ml/20 g b.wt. for P1, 0.28 ml/20 g b.wt. for P2, and 0.42 ml/g b.wt. for P3 for 10 days. The kidneys were isolated for hematoxylin eosin staining histology preparates and then with scoring technique observed for basal membrane thickening, expansion of mesangial cell, and the presence of glomerulosclerosis while also having their basal membrane thickness measured. The scoring data was analyzed by statistics variance test Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney test, while the basal membrane measurement was tested by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and Tukey test. The result showed that treatment with goat milk yoghurt fortified by black rice bran flour can repair kidney histopathology, with the best volume being 0.28 ml/20 g b.wt.