Principles of Solid State Synthesis Method and Their Applications For Inorganic Synthesis

This paper discusses the principle of solid state synthesis method including definition, steps of reaction, mechanism of crystal growth, advantage and disadvantage, influencing factors, and tools. This paper also presents the examples of inorganic material synthesis such as metal oxides, metal salts, silicon carbide, zeolite, carbon, kaoline, and their composites by solid state method. The metal oxides were prepared at high, low, and room temperature, with conventional furnace and microwave, for single crystal, polycrystalline, and glass (amorphous material). Usage of microwave in synthesis of MgAl2O4 increased the crystallinity (1.5 X larger) and SBET (4.4 X larger) and reduced the solid particle size (2.56 nm smaller) also synthesis time (5 h shorter) than usage of conventional furnace. The carbon was prepared by dry pyrolysis of various plant biomass, flours, coffee, and tea. The modified kaoline was made through substitution and intercalation. The carbon composites were created by impregnation of the CNS (Carbon Nanostructure) or CNM (Carbon Nanomaterial) using spinels. CNM or CNS solid particles size was conditionized by dispersion of the activated carbon in the water using mixer, blender, stirrer, and sonicator.