Phytochemical Screening of Indonesian Brown Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Extracts Compounds

Brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the functional nourishments that are beneficial for health. Brown rice is broken skin rice that is milled without going through the grinding process or also known as unpolished rice. This causes brown rice to contain higher levels of phytochemicals, vitamins, and fiber than those in white rice. This study purpose to determine the profiles of phytochemical compound of local brown rice extracts, to extract gamma oryzanol from the brown rice, and to identify extracted gamma oryzanol. Brown rice varieties used in this study were Madras, Lawang, and UB (Universitas Brawijaya) brown rice. From phytochemical screening results, all brown rice varieties contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and proteins. However, phenolic compounds and anthraquinone were only detected in Madras brown rice. The identification of gamma oryzanol compounds in brown rice was carried out using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrophotometry. The TLC results showed that all samples of brown rice had similar Rf (retention factor) values of 0.15, and this Rf value did not have a significant difference with the Rf value of the pure gamma oryzanol standard. From the FTIR spectra, all brown rice varieties had similar spectra, the absorption of the functional groups of O-H, C-H, C=O, and C-OH that appeared at wavenumbers 3290.27 cm^-1, 2936.57-2868.11 cm^-1, 1700-1682.93 cm^-1, and 1513 cm^-1, respectively.