Physical and social infrastructures: Understanding holistic water poverty eradication in Indonesia

Poverty issues becomes more complex from time to time, as it comes to the whole world's attention as it is stated in the first pillar of the SDGs. This research is trying to search an appropriate tool on how to be able to propose a more precise strategy on dealing with poverty with basis assumption that it must put it together for both physical and social developments. Applying case study of Tumpang District in Malang Regency, Indonesia as one of the poor districts, the result is conducted. The first research aim is to measure poverty level through the five components of the Water Poverty Index (WPI). General result indicates that the study area in the unit of analysis of village, there is no significant poverty level, though the district is categorized as the poverty. The second measurement is in order to build a better understanding of social capital in the community level through measurement of the indexes-rate of participation and density using Social Network Analysis (SNA). General result indicates that residents tend to involve into informal institution than the formal one. However, at the final stage of Spatial Regression Analysis that put it the WPI value as the dependent variable, and the two value of indexes of the SNA as the independent variables along with physical distance to the public facility, the result indicates that participation in the formal institution might give a significant influence to the success of lessening poverty level. Hence, this research proposes two main strategy in order to eradicate poverty though the development of both physical and social infrastructures, and to bring people closer distance to the formal institutions.