Multidimensional Assessment and Leverage Points in Integrated Aquaculture- agriculture Systems of Indonesian Wetlands

Aquaculture-agriculture integration in wetland systems is widely promoted for food security and rural resilience. However, current land suitability classifications (S1) often mask real sustainability constraints. This study integrated land suitability assessment, multidimensional sustainability scaling, and leverage attribute analysis across shallow, middle, and deep wetland typologies in Indonesia. Despite being classified as highly suitable, ecological performance was weak due to feed inefficiency, nutrient accumulation, and excessive stocking densities. Economic outcomes varied: rice-fish systems showed higher stability, while monoculture ponds were highly sensitive to input prices and market volatility. Social conditions were comparatively strong, supported by community involvement and labor-sharing practices. Leverage analysis revealed a few critical attributes that disproportionately determined system sustainability: feed availability, pond productivity, market access, worker protection (health insurance), and conflict management. This study demonstrates that physical suitability alone is not enough. Sustainability depends on improving feed efficiency, diversifying markets, and strengthening social safeguards. By combining biophysical and socio-economic diagnostics, the framework offers practical guidance for policymakers to design more resilient and inclusive aquaculture interventions in wetland landscapes.