Monitoring quality of water sources in Madura: Physicochemical and biological

This study aims to (1) investigate the water sources quality based on physicochemical and biological parameters and (2) compare the water sources quality among locations of the study. The water sample takes from four locations water sources in Madura: Bangkalan area, Jokotole (JT), and Sumber Pocong (SP); Pamekasan, Samiran Reservoir (SR); and Sumenep, Nyapar (NY). Three sampling stations per location with three replications (station) are selected for sample collection. Some physicochemical parameters are measured, and phytoplankton samples are collected vertically and identified using keys from some references. The physicochemical parameters show that three locations are suitable for natural water sources based on the DO and salinity level: SP, SR, and NY. JT has the richest taxa than the other locations, but the highest number of plankton belongs to SP. The Importance Value Index (IVI) of plankton shows no dominance of plankton species in every water supply source location and is supported by the Simpson dominance index result. The evenness index shows a high evenness level of the species in every site. Based on the results of Shannon Wiener diversity index of plankton, the level of toxicity in the four research locations is in the light to moderate level.