Land Valuation, Policy Literacy, and Livelihoods in Peri-Urban Poultry Systems: Evidence from Indonesia

Rapid urban encroachment is compressing Indonesia's peri-urban farmland, raising uncertainty over siting, buffers, and rights an urgent threat to small and medium poultry producers and affordable protein access. We test whether producer perceptions of land valuation and their policy literacy jointly explain livelihood improvement in a peri-urban corridor of Malang Regency (East Java). A cross-sectional survey of 207 broiler producers was analyzed using PLS-SEM (SmartPLS) with three reflective constructs: land valuation, policy literacy, and livelihood improvement. The model explains 64.0% of variance in policy literacy and 53.3% in livelihood improvement. Land valuation is strongly and positively associated with policy literacy (β=0.800, p<0.001) and significantly associated with livelihood improvement (β = 0.302, p = 0.019). The policy literacy-livelihood path is positive but not statistically significant (β = 0.242, p = 0.065), yielding a non-significant indirect effect (β = 0.193, p = 0.067). Findings indicate that credible land signals value, transferability, and rights clarity primarily drive livelihood gains under peri-urban pressure, while policy literacy is presently complementary. Practical implications-prioritize transparent, locally legible land-valuation and rights services, and pair policy-literacy training with resource-enabling instruments (eco-financed biosecurity, streamlined permits) to convert knowledge into action and stabilize protein supply.