Innovative biosensing approaches for early detection of marine fish diseases

Biosensor techniques are advanced and powerful methods for detecting marine fish pathogens. These techniques offer several advantages, such as low cost, on-site detection, and high sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity. Due to these benefits, many researchers today prefer biosensor methods over conventional approaches. We are interested in reviewing biosensors for monitoring marine fish pathogens due to the limited amount of information available. Additionally, the current information is poorly organized. The performance of sensors depends on the nanoparticles, nanocomposites, aptamers, and microchips to achieve a low limit of detection (LOD). Additionally, we discuss the innovative biosensor for marine fish diseases, focusing on the principle, mechanism, and design. This review provides comprehensive information on the application of biosensor techniques for the detection of specific pathogen species. It aims to offer valuable insights to researchers and readers interested in developing biosensors for identifying various pathogen species in infected fish.