Induksi Poliploidi Menggunakan Kolkisin pada Tanaman Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) Varietas Lumbu Kuning dan Lumbu Hijau

Garlic is a plant that is cultivated through its tubers because it is unable to produce flowers. This resulted in low garlic plant diversity. Plant breeding techniques are carried out to obtain the desired characters and improve existing characters. One of the breeding techniques is mutation breeding using the mutagen colchicine. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of colchicine concentration on growth, physiological characters, number of chromosomes, and obtain a lethal concentration of 50% (LC₅₀) from Lumbu Kuning and Lumbu Hijau. The research was conducted from May to September 2021 in Ngroto Village, Pujon District, Malang Regency. The research method used was the treatment method on single plants arranged in rows with the treatment of two varieties of Lumbu Kuning and Lumbu Hijau which were given colchicine solution (0, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 ppm). The results of the t-test analysis showed that colchicine concentrations of 0-1500 ppm had a significant effect on plant length, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width. Triploid plants (2n=3x=24) have lower number and density of stomata than diploid plants, but stomata are larger in size. The Yellow Lumbu variety was 698.055 ppm and the Green Lumbu variety was 1383.041 ppm.