Histopathological Alterations of Hepatopancreas and Intestines in the Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Infected by White Feces Disease (WFD)

The White Feces Disease (WFD) significantly impacts Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), leading to substantial economic losses in aquaculture due to reduced growth rates and increased mortality. This study investigated the histopathological changes in the hepatopancreas and intestines of Vannamei shrimp affected by WFD. A total of 60 shrimp, averaging 10–15 grams, were acclimatized and divided into two groups: healthy and WFD-infected. The WFD infection was confirmed through clinical symptoms and histopathological examination. Histological analysis revealed severe damage in the hepatopancreas of infected shrimp, including tissue lysis, necrosis, and atrophy compared to the normal hepatopancreas structure. The study identified a high prevalence of damage in ponds adjacent to WFD-infected areas, suggesting possible contamination through shared water or equipment. This emphasizes the importance of stringent biosecurity measures to prevent disease spread. In the intestines, significant necrosis and vacuolation were observed, indicating extensive cellular death and tissue degradation. These changes compromise the shrimp’s ability to digest and absorb nutrients, leading to deteriorating health and reduced survival rates. The findings highlight the need for effective management strategies, including early detection and improved biosecurity protocols, to mitigate the impact of WFD and to ensure sustainable shrimp aquaculture practices.