Genetic diversity of Indonesian soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) germplasm based on morphological and microsatellite markers

Genetic diversity on soybean germplasm will determine the success of the soybean breeding program. The purpose of this research was to study the diversity of Indonesian soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) germplasm based on agronomic traits and microsatellite markers in order to know the genetic relationship among the accessions. Genetic material used was 45 soybean accessions consisting of 14 genotypes introduced from nine countries, 26 landrace from 10 provinces in Indonesia, and five Indonesian high yield varieties. Morphological characterization performed on nine qualitative and four quantitative traits. The genetic relationships were estimated using three SSR markers. The results showed that cluster analysis based on agronomic traits clearly separate the soybean accessions of black seeds into one group with genetic distance range from 0.61 to 1. Other groups for accessions with yellow, green-yellowish and brown seed have genetic distance ranging from 0.46 to 1. Based on microsatellite markers, three primers showed polymorphism banding pattern. The number of alleles that are formed these three primers between four and five alleles with sizes ranged from 200 bp to 800 bp. Cluster analysis based on microsatellites markers showed that the genetic distance of 45 accessions ranged from 0.61 to 1.