Fractal Analysis of Volcanic Earthquakes Ijen Volcano (Indonesia) and Its Implications

This study aims to identify and analyse the fractal dimension of volcanic earthquakes of Ijen volcano to obtain dynamic properties and variations. The methods used include analysis of the fractal dimension of volcano-tectonic (VT) and microtremor (MT) earthquakes with seismic data from 2012 and 2014 and application of regularisation methods to determine the fractal dimension. This study obtained the average fractal dimension for the 2012 VT events of 2.15 and 2.61 for the MT events; it is around 2.61. In 2014, the average fractal dimension for VT was 1.83, while for MT, it was 2.11. The distinct fractal dimensions of VT and MT events reveal differing source mechanisms (fracture-dominated versus fluid-driven processes) highlighting their utility as diagnostic tools for deciphering volcanic unrest. These findings advance the use of fractal analysis in discriminating seismic signals associated with magma migration, hydrothermal pressurisation and potential eruption precursors.