Fermentation of Cow Urine Collected from Ngabab Village, Malang: Its Potential as Liquid Fertilizer

The aims of this research is to analyze the quality of fermented cow urine, derived from Ngabab village, Pujon, Kab. Malang. The quality of fermented urine was determined from the concentrations of N, P, K, and ammonia (as NH₃), using commercially available EM-4 and local microorganisms resulting from organic waste. The fermentation was conducted using 6 different ratios. They were: (1) urine: EM-4 = 2:1; (2) urine: EM-4 = 4:1; (3) urine: EM-4: organic waste = 4:1:1; (4) urine: table sugar: organic waste = 4:1:1; (5) urine: EM-4: table sugar = 10:5:1; and (6) urine only. Results showed that composition 1 resulted in the highest N content, while ratio 1 resulted in the highest P and K contents. Interestingly, the highest C organic achieved in the method 6, where urine fermented without any additives. In general, these results suggested that cow urine fermentation could be one of the green techniques to produce chemical fertilizer and pesticides which are environmentally harmful. Furthermore, the use of local microorganisms from organic waste can be considered as substitute for commercially available EM-4.