Failure Mode and Its Effects on Enhancing Operational Reliability in Water-Treatment Facilities: A Case Study of Regional Public Water Company †

Access to safe and reliable drinking water is essential for public health. However, regional public water companies often face challenges that compromise service quality, such as equipment failure, water contamination, and inconsistent treatment processes. This study applies the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method to systematically identify, evaluate, and prioritize operational risks in a water treatment facility. By analyzing 17 potential failure modes across the treatment process, five modes were classified as critical, prompting targeted mitigation strategies. The results demonstrate FMEA’s effectiveness in enhancing reliability and supporting continuous improvement efforts in water treatment operations.