Evaluating Environmental Impacts of Green Logistics Initiatives in Batam Indonesia

Green Logistics has become a crucial solution in city logistics systems for solving environmental issues. This research aims to measure the effectiveness of Green Logistics initiatives in Batam City as a pilot project for the National Logistics Ecosystems of Indonesia using vehicle emissions and noise level analysis and a simulation-based approach. The result indicated that the Joint Delivery Systems with Urban Consolidation Center (JDS-UCC) is better at reducing pollution compared to the Limited Emissions Zone and the Limited Traffic Zone as it can reduce the number of trucks and fuel consumption. However, in the severe level of pollution, the JDS-UCC needs to be combined with planting Trembesi (Albizia Saman) trees to effectively reduce the emissions and absorb the noise pollution.