Ethanol extraction of Sambiloto leaves (Andrographis paniculata Nees) and evaluation of its immunomodulatory activity towards gastrointestinal nematode infestation in Ettawah crossbred goats

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) leaves contain various immunomodulatory and anthelmintic compounds such as saponin, tannin, and andrographolide. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the andrographolide from Sambiloto leaves through ethanol extraction, as well as the immunomodulatory activity of Sambiloto leaves extract (SLE) in Ettawah crossbred goats observed from the blood profile and gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) infestation. This study was conducted as experimental research with a completely randomized design. The data were analyzed with oneway ANOVA, and followed with LSD test to determine the differences. The study used 5 treatments, consisted of positive control (PC) treatment (supplemented with 500 mg CurminVitPlus, a commercial immunomodulatory drug) and negative control (NC) treatment (without any immunomodulatory drugs supplementation) as the control group; 750 mg SLE supplementation (SLE750); 1125 mg SLE supplementation (SLE1125); and 1500 mg SLE supplementation (SLE1500). The results of the study showed that ethanol extraction would yield SLE as much as 33.6% of the dry weight with 1.12 ± 0.04% andrographolide concentration. Moreover, the immunomodulatory observation showed that SLE supplementation improved the blood profile quality of the Ettawah Crossbred goats compared to the control group. The best SLE supplementation was found at 1125 mg dosage, which suppressed the GIN eggs infestation up to 96.8%. The research concludes that ethanol-extracted Sambiloto leaves showed an immunomodulatory, immunosuppressant, and anthelmintic potential towards GIN infestation in Ettawah Crossbred goats.