Enhancing household rice farmers' welfare under climate change conditions using loop diagrams of causality: A system thinking approach

Climate change has hurt several sectors, but agriculture has been a tough hit. Small farmers are the people most affected by climate change because they have less access to resources and information. Their household welfare is lowered as a result, and they are unable to avoid the effects of climate change. To lessen the negative effects of climate change, farmers have to figure out how to adapt to it. This study uses a household economic model to examine the relationship between livelihood assets and strategic adaptation using the framework of systems thinking. This research has created causal loop diagrams (CLDs) based on a literature review to capture crucial variables in farmer households' economic behavior under climate change conditions. By using these CLDs, more studies can be conducted to enhance the welfare of rice farmers through multiple policy simulations.