Empowerment Human Resources Through the Gender Development Index and Their Impact on Sustainable Development in the Rural Coastal Areas with Dynamic System and Multi-Policy Model

Development in the maritime sector is inseparable from human resources, including the issue of gender equality. Out of the five programs to increase the Human Development Index (HDI), including in the maritime sector, human resource development receives the most attention. The issue of gender equality has received serious attention in Indonesia in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals agenda. Furthermore, to measure this equality, the Gender Development Index (GDI) has been used in many studies. This index is formulated as the ratio of the female HDI to the male HDI. The GDI value can be used as an indicator for the empowerment of rural coastal communities. This study aims to i. analyze GDI for the empowerment of rural coastal communities, ii. analyze gender-specific differences in the implementation of development in coastal villages, and iii. Formulate recommendations for increasing the GDI to empower communities in rural coastal-based areas. The data were collected from secondary data sources from the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection and Central Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia. The multi-policy analysis used the assessment of eight experts on criteria, scenarios, policies, and actions in Sustainable Development in Rural Coastal Areas. The data was collected by an expert based on three dimensions of Human Development Indicators: health, education, and a decent standard of living. The results showed that the HDI of females is lower than that of males. This gap is reflected in the differences in the expected length of schooling, the average length of schooling, and life expectancy. Therefore, a systematic improvement in the quality of development for females is needed. This study recommends improving the quality of human resources, increasing the influence of females representation in parliament, and improving the economic contribution. In addition, this study also suggests yearly periodic monitoring and evaluation of the variables of the length of schooling, the average length of schooling, and life expectancy. The best outcome for reducing the gender gap is by improving all development variables for women. The results of the evaluation of policy-related measures with multi-policy analysis showed that GDI plays the most role in the sustainable development of rural coastal communities.