Dynamical Analysis of Nipah Virus Transmission Model

Nipah virus can be transmitted from animals to humans through contaminated food or direct human-to-human contact. In this paper, we formulate and analyze an SEIRD model to describe the transmission dynamics of the Nipah virus by incorporating two significant factors: unprotected contact with the corpses of Nipah virus–infected individuals prior to burial and the incubation period during transmission. The SEIRDmodel partitions the total human population into five compartments: susceptible (S), exposed (E), infectious (I), recovered (R), and deceased (D). Two equilibrium points are identified in the system, namely the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and the endemic equilibrium (EE). The basic reproduction number R₀, is derived using the next-generation matrix method. Stability analysis reveals that the DFE is locally asymptotically stable when R₀ < 1, indicating disease eradication, whereas the EE is locally asymptotically stable when R₀ > 1, signifying the persistence of the disease within the population. Furthermore, numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the analytical findings and to investigate the influence of key epidemiological parameters on disease transmission. The results provide new insights into the role of unprotected contact with corpses and incubation delays in Nipah virus dynamics, offering valuable guidance for the development of more effective prevention and control strategies.