Dual Nanoformulations of Centella asiatica and Rosmarinus Officinalis: Effects on IL-10 Cytokine and Collagen I Biomarkers in Incisional Wounds

Improving postoperative incisional wound healing remains a challenge. Centella asiatica and Rosmarinus officinalis possess anti-inflammatory and collagen-promoting properties, but poor skin permeability limits their therapeutic effectiveness. This study evaluated the effects of a dual nanoparticle gel combining transfersomal C. asiatica extract and rosemary oil nanoemulsion on wound closure, IL-10 expression, and collagen type I deposition. Twenty-five female Wistar rats (n=5/group) received standardized 3 cm midline abdominal incisions. The groups included no treatment, standard gel (3% C. asiatica + 1% rosemary oil), and transfersomal gels containing 0.15, 0.30, or 0.60% C. asiatica plus 0.1% rosemary nanoemulsion. The treatments were applied topically once daily for 14 days. Wound closure was assessed using digital photography and ImageJ software. IL-10 and collagen I expression were quantified by immunohistochemistry at 1,000× magnification. Early wound closure (days 0–7) showed no significant difference (p>0.05). By day 10, the 0.30% and 0.60% transfersome groups achieved significantly greater closure (63% and 67%, respectively) than the controls (30–38%, p<0.05). On day 14, they reached 79% and 82%, respectively, compared to 59-61% in the controls. IL-10 expression peaked in the 0.60% group (11.8 AU), while collagen I deposition was also highest (19.8 AU), both significantly surpassing the other groups (p<0.05). Transfersomal C. asiatica and rosemary nanoemulsion gels enhanced transdermal delivery, increased anti-inflammatory signaling, and promoted extracellular matrix remodeling, significantly accelerating wound healing. This formulation shows promise as topical therapy for surgical wounds.