Diversity and abundance of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on different host plants in Depok and Bogor Districts, West Java, Indonesia

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are one of the most economically important insect pests worldwide. In this study, we investigated the diversity and abundance of fruit flies of the Tephritidae family in five different plant hosts in West Java, Indonesia. The host plants were Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense), Lemon (Citrus limon), Papaya (Carica papaya), Carambola (Averrhoa carambola), and Common guava (Psidium guajava). Steiner traps baited with methyl eugenol and cue lure were used for collecting the fruit flies in this study. The abundance of fruit flies in each host plant species was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The fruit fly diversity was analyzed using Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Evenness index (E), and Simpson Dominance Index (C). All the data were analyzed using R software. During sampling periods, 20,217 male adult fruit flies from three genera and 11 species (Bactrocera albistrigata, B. carambolae, B. dorsalis, B. neocognata, B. umbrosa, B. verbascifoliae, Dacus conopsoides, D. longicornis, Zeugodacus calumniata, Z. caudatus, and Z. cucurbitae). The most frequent species in this study was B. carambolae (9,765 individuals). The abundance of fruit flies was the highest in Averrhoa carambola (7,789 individuals) (F: 12.58, P < 0.001). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of all fruit flies captured in this study was highest in C. limon and lowest in P. guajava. According to Bray-Curtis analysis, A. carambola and P. guajava had a higher similarity of fruit fly species than the other host plant species. Our study also did not find invasive species of fruit flies associated with the Malay apple, lemon, papaya, carambola and common guava in Depok and Bogor Districts, West Java, Indonesia.