Diabetes mellitus diagnosis method based random forest with bat algorithm

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a very dangerous disease and can cause various problems. Early diagnosis of DM is essential to avoid severe effects and complications. An affordable DM diagnosis method can be developed by applying machine learning. Random forest (RF) is a machine learning technique that is applied to develop a DM diagnosis method. However, the optimization of RF hyperparameters determines the performance of RF approach. Swarm intelligence (SI) could be used to solve the hyperparameter optimization problem on RF. It is robust and simple to be applied and doesn’t require derivatives. Bat algorithm (BA) is one of SI techniques that gives a balance between exploration and exploitation to find a global optimal solution. This article proposes developing an RF-BA-based technique for diagnosing DM. The results of the experiment demonstrate that RF-BA can diagnose DM more accurately than conventional RF. RF-BA has higher performance compared to RF-particle swarm optimization (PSO) in terms of computational time. The RF-BA also are able to solve the overfitting problem in the conventional RF. In the future, the proposed method has a high chance of being implemented for helping people with early DM diagnosis with high accuracy, low cost, and high-speed process.