Curative impacts of squid (Loligo sp.) ink extract on haemocyte, digestive enzymes and CypA gene expression of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against white faeces syndrome (WFS)

Right now, high economical value shrimp species is vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Salinity gives impact to shrimp live, immunity and health. Stress from salinity shock will reduce shrimp health and production because of pathogen attack. White faeces syndrome (WFS) is a shrimp disease which frequently occured in an intensive farm. Fighting against WFS has been done with several methods, among other things by using ink extract as metabolite product of squid (Loligo sp.) because of its antibacterial content. To solve the problem, combination of ink extract with salinity treatments to CypA gene expression THC, DHC and digestibility of vaname shrimp (L. vannamei) was investigated. The best treatment using squid ink extract was 27 ppt salinity for vaname shrimp (L. vannamei) against WFS, because it gave the highest SR (85.73%), increased protease until 378 × 10⁻³ U/ml, amylase until 4.029 × 10⁻³ unit/ml and lipase until 3.613 × 10⁻³ unit/ml. and also non-specific immune, i.e. THC 11.89 × 10⁶ cells/ml and DHC (hyaline was 39.09%, granular cell was 21.43% and semi-granular cell was 47.74%), while mutation (>1%) was happened in CypA gene.