COMPARISON OF TGF-Β1 AND BMP-2 CONTENTS IN CANCELLOUS BOVINE BONE PROCESSED BY FREEZE-DRYING AND DECELLULARIZATION (BIOMATERIAL PROFILE STUDY)

Background: Xenogenic scaffold is an alternative in bone tissue engineering derived from xenograft used for the reconstruction of critical size defects in the maxillofacial region. Cancellous bovine bone processed through freeze-drying results in freeze-dried bovine bone (FDBB) scaffold. FDBB continues to be developed due to the existing risk of transmission through the decellularization process, resulting in decellularized freeze-dried bovine bone (dc-FDBB) scaffold. The freeze-drying process, the addition of chemicals in the decellularization process, and sterilization with gamma-ray radiation can reduce the levels of growth factors such as TGF-β1 and BMP-2, thereby diminishing the osteoinductive potential required in bone regeneration. Objective: This study aims to compare the levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 in cancellous bovine bone processed through freeze-drying and decellularization. Method: Extraction and quantification of growth factors were carried out on Fresh Cancellous Bovine Bone, FDBB, and dc-FDBB. Comparative tests were performed using ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: The mean levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 were highest in Fresh Cancellous Bovine Bone (16,453 pg/mL; 10,181 pg/mL), followed by FDBB (9,300 pg/mL; 7,086 pg/mL) and dc-FDBB (6,291 pg/mL; 5,672 pg/mL). There were no significant differences in the levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 between FDBB and dc-FDBB (p = 0.378; p = 0.429). There were significant differences in the levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 between Fresh Cancellous Bovine Bone and FDBB (p = 0.037, p = 0.034), as well as Fresh Cancellous Bovine Bone and dc-FDBB (p = 0.004, p = 0.003). Conclusion: There is a reduction in the levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 in cancellous bovine bone processed through freeze-drying and decellularization, but there is no significant difference in the levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 between FDBB and dc-FDBB.