Combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica Nanoemulsion Prevent the Developmental Disruption in Zebrafish Larvae Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is hyperglycemia in pregnant women that is first detected during the gestation period, especially in the second or third trimester. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is associated with impaired embryonic development through the mechanism of changes in embryonic gene expression, resulting in congenital malformations. Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) contains carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid polyphenols, which have been shown to have anti-diabetic effects like insulin and protective properties against hyperglycemia. Centella asiatica (CA) and its triterpene can reduce blood glucose levels, increase insulin production, reduce oxidative stress, and provide anti-inflammatory effects. Herbal combinations can act on multiple targets at the same time through pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic synergism mechanisms. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica nanoemulsion to prevent developmental disruption consisting of the malformation, mortality, and heart rate of GDM model zebrafish larvae. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were divided into 5 groups (control, 3% glucose, 5 µg/mL RO nanoemulsion, 5 µg/mL CA nanoemulsion, and 10 µg/mL combination of RO and CA nanoemulsion). We found that a combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica nanoemulsion prevented malformations and significantly decreased the mortality and heart rate of GDM model zebrafish larvae.