Chemical Compounds, Antioxidant Properties, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Kitolod Leaf and Fruit Hexane Extracts as Antidiabetic

Diabetes (DMT 2) is one of the most common free radicals-incited conditions, and its treatment calls for natural antioxidants fit for daily administration with minimum burden to the bodily system. Traditionally used to treat eye disease in Indonesia, kitolod [Isotoma longiflora (L) Presl.] was studied for its antidiabetic prospect. Hexane extracts from the leaves and fruit were analyzed for their non-polar chemical compounds, antioxidant properties, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activities. Liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) identified 29 compounds out of the leaf and 36 compounds out of the fruit. The extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 values of (90.586 ± 0.663) μg mL^–1 and (92.832 ± 1.042) μg mL^–1. Their inhibitory against α-amylase was very strong, with IC50 values of (38.511 ± 0.068) mL^–1 and (39.790 ± 0.233) mL^–1, while ones against α-glucosidase were strong to moderate with IC50 value of leaf extract (40.833 ± 0.571) μg mL^–1 and of fruit extract (65.383 ± 0.511) μg mL^–1. Seeing the high potential in kitolod extracts to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, they should correspond with functional food for people with diabetes.