Characterization of microcrystalline cellulose derived from pinewood waste (Pinus merkusii) hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid

The hydrolysis process on cellulose biomaterials is an important process to obtain micro and nano-sized cellulose. Cellulose obtained from the isolation of pinewood waste by acid treated has a characteristic bright white color and tends to be hydrolyzed with inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) with varying concentration (10 and 30%). Cellulose obtained is in the form of microcrystalline cellulose. Characterization with FTIR, XRD, and SEM resulted in different absorption peaks and intensity on cellulose and cellulose hydrolyzed with 10% and 30 % of HCl. It can be seen that no absorption was found at the wavenumber of 1600?cm-1 which is the typical C=C group absorption of lignin in HCl hydrolyzed cellulose which indicate during the hydrolysis process the lignin was successfully removed. The crystallinity index of hydrolyzed cellulose with HCl 10 and 30% were 56.11%, and 58.11% with crystallite size about 2.79?nm and 3.71?nm respectively. The morphological surface from SEM analysis results were long fibers aggregates with an average particle size of 10% HCl hydrolyzed cellulose and 30% hydrolyzed cellulose of 25?μm, and 5?μm which are increasingly distributed.