Characterization and formulation of the bivalve Anodonta’s chitosan-platelet rich plasma-mesenchymal stem cellsas a composite scaffold

Various studies have been conducted to obtain an ideal scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells. The types of scaffold studied included those of ceramic group, tricalcium phosphate, collagen, gelatin, cellulose and agarose. The results varied due to many factors. Recently, the hydroxyapatite scaffold constitutes the most promising scaffold for bones. The bivalve Anodonta are freshwater mussels that have shells with the smallest toxicity. The contents of chitin in the shells’ nacreous layer are expected to be a good biomaterial for the life of mesenchymal stem cells because, when deacetylated, it will become an active compound called chitosan. Chitosan is a potential natural biopolymer class for a biomaterial for bones. The purpose of this study to explore the use of the mussels Bivalve Anodonta as a base material for scalfold. In this study, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a growth factor was added to the bivalve Anodonta’s chitosan, which was expected to be a good scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells through several screening for biomaterial requirements. The screening included: characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infra-red spectrophotoscopy (FTIR), toxicity tests using MTT assay and growth tests of mesenchymal stem cells in the bivalve Anodonta’s chitosan scaffold and observation under an electron microscope. SEM examination showed pores of150-200μm in size, numerous and even pore interconnectivity and wall thickness. FTIR showed spectra IR graph patterns corresponding to the standard chitosan for the functional groups OH, NH, CH, NH₂ and COC, but with a better degree of deacetylation (68%). Toxicity tests using MTT assays with one-way ANOVA tests (p> 0.05) showed the bivalve Anodonta’schitosan had no toxicity to mesenchymal stem cells. The growth tests of mesenchymal stem cells in the bivalve Anodonta’s chitosan-PRP scaffold showed that the cells could be grown on a porous bivalve Anodonta’s chitosan. In conclusion, the composite bivalve Anodonta’s chitosan-PRP -mesenchymal stem cell scaffold can be used as a biomaterial.