Characteristic assay of incorporation of carbonated hydroxyapatite-propolis as an alternative for alveolar bone loss therapy on periodontitis: An in vitro study

Aim: To examine the characteristics of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) incorporated with propolis in the concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, the CHA bone graft (GamaCHA) material was immersed in the propolis solution with the concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, and 10% by serial dilution method for 24h at room temperature. Absorbance readings of loading and release assay were carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometers at 289nm. Antibacterial testing was done by calculating the inhibition zone of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The microtetrazolium (MTT) assay was used for viability test of fibroblast NIH 3T3 cell culture by measuring the optical density in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader. The data of the study were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (loading, release, antibacterial P. gingivalis, and viability test) and Kruskal-Wallis (antibacterial A. actinomycetemcomitans). Results: The results showed that CHA incorporated with 10% propolis had the highest loading percentage, the largest diameter of bacterial inhibition zone, and the highest fibroblast viability (P 0.05). However, the difference in the concentrations of propolis incorporated with CHA did not affect the percentage of propolis release (P > 0.05). Conclusion: CHA incorporated with 10% propolis solution showed highest loading percentage, antibacterial activity, and viability.