Byproducts of Tropical Marine Processing as a Candidate for Industrial Food Ingredients: An Appraisal on Macro and Micronutrients

Tropical marine fish is a main raw material for surimi processing plants, including golden threadfin bream (Nemipterus virgatus Houttuyn, 1782) and swallowtail dwarf monocle bream (Parascolopsis eriomma Jordan & Richardson, 1909). After processing, more than 60% of fish are considered as byproducts (i.e., head, viscera, skin, bones, fins and scale), and tend to discard due to poor-utilization. Hence, this paper aims to evaluate macro- and micro-nutrients derived from golden threadfin bream (GTB) and swallowtail dwarf monocle bream (SDMB). The higher content of protein (25.31 ± 0.81%) was observed in the skin part of GTB, followed by the flesh (21.26 ± 0.83%) and the scale (21.32 ± 0.42%). For byproducts of SDMB, the scale and skin portions were dominant in protein, containing 26.81 ± 0.19% and 22.52 ± 0.20%, respectively. In terms of ash, the scales and fins from both fish species presented a higher composition compared to other byproducts. Furthermore, those tropical marine fish were rich in micronutrients, particularly calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) obtained from the bones, fins, and scales byproducts. Also, some microminerals were detected in the byproducts of GTB and SDMB. More importantly, the byproducts from those species were considered safe from toxic heavy metals. Taken together, the byproducts derived from GTB and SDMB may serve as a potential source for manufactured food ingredients.