Black yeast Beta glucan for insulin resistance prevention through blood glucose, PI3K and IRS expression: An in vivo study of an obesity model using sprague dawley rats

Obesity is characterized as a chronic inflammation with progressive infiltration of immune cell into adipose tissue. Adipose tissue macrophages play an important role in the establishment of chronic inflammatory and metabolic dysfunctions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. Diet-induced adipose expansion increases macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue and most obese. Black yeast beta glucan belongs to the microparticle glucan which is easily phagocytosed, resulting in loss of dectin-1 surface expression. Decreased expression of dectin-1 leads to differentiation into M2 macrophages. M2 macrophages play a role in maintaining insulin signaling by decreasing GLUT1 expression, causing a decrease in glucose uptake, an increase in PI3K expression and IRS. This research design is true experimental with posttest only group design. The experimental animals used were male Sprague Dawley strain rats. Rats were divided into 5 (five) groups (normal feed, high fat feed and 3 high fat feed groups with black yeast beta glucan doses of 0.135 grams, 0.270 grams and 0.540 grams). Fasting blood glucose levels were measured using a glucostic test, PI3K and IRS expression using immunohistochemical methods. Statistical analysis used two-way ANOVA and continued with the least significant difference test (LSD). There was no difference in the effect of black yeast beta glucan on fasting blood glucose, but there is difference in the effect of black yeast beta glucan on PI3K and IRS expressions. With further statistical tests, there is difference in the effect of black yeast beta glucan on PI3K expressions at a dose of 0.270 grams and on IRS expression at a dose of 0.540 grams. The conclusion of this study is black yeast beta glucan can increase PI3K at a dose of 0.270 grams and on IRS expression at a dose of 0.540 grams.