Bisnis Sektor Sumber Daya Alam dan Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia: Realitas dan Tantangan

The current research aims to investigate the realization of human rights in the natural resources business sector in Indonesia. Global demands and the rise of investments have resulted in the exercise of the natural resources business, which frequently intersects and affects the fulfillment of human rights in some cases. A normative legal research method was used by means of statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. The results had shown that the real-life practices of human rights fulfilment in the natural resources sector did not run optimally, and even violated the principles of Business and Human (UNGP), in terms of protection, respect, and restoration of human rights. In fact, natural resources management policies, the most widely issued policies in Indonesia, had been the real challenges by themselves. The regulatory framework in the natural resources sector, tendentiously centralized, pragmatic, and instrumental, did need reform. This issue implied the rise of pathological problems, such as pollution and environmental damages, violence against vulnerable groups, marginalization of indigenous peoples due to land and ownership conflicts, and social inequality. In addition, adequate norms of action were needed in terms of due diligence and restoration of human rights in the natural resources business sector.