Bioeconomic Analysis of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Fishery Landed at PPN Karangantu, Banten, Indonesia

The blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) holds significant commercial value. This study aimed to assess the population characteristics of the species in Banten Bay using five surplus production models: Gordon Schaefer, Fox, Walter Hilborn, Schnute, and Clarke Yoshimoto Pooley (CYP). Among these, the CYP model demonstrated the highest coefficient of determination (R²), reaching 96.52%. Based on this model, the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) was estimated at 79,743.483 kg/year, with a corresponding fishing effort (Fmsy) of 3,670 trips/year. The bioeconomic analysis revealed that the actual fishing effort exceeded both Fmsy and Fmey, indicating that the crab population is fully exploited and economically overfished. Moreover, fishing effort in Banten Bay has continued to rise annually, with a notable increase in 2022 and 2023, surpassing the threshold established under the MSY regime. To ensure sustainable management, this study recommends optimizing resource utilization under the maximum economic yield (MEY) regime. This approach would reduce fishing effort and operational costs while maximizing economic returns compared to MSY and open-access scenarios. Specifically, fishing effort should be restricted to 79,698.565 trips per year to regulate the annual increase in exploitation and safeguard the long-term sustainability of P. pelagicus in Banten Bay.