Association between diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and knee osteoarthritis in secondary referral hospitals in Indonesia with retrospective cross-sectional study

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a disease with degenerative joints. There are some risk factors for osteoarthritis, including age, gender, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hypertension. The preview study also showed a relationship between osteoarthritis and diabetes mellitus. Besides diabetes mellitus, hypertension may be a risk factor for osteoarthritis. However, research about the relationship between diabetes mellitus and hypertension based on the degree of osteoarthritis is still controversial. This study aims to determine the association between diabetes mellitus and hypertension with the severity of knee osteoarthritis in general and based on gender. Methods: This research used a retrospective cross-sectional research study with a sample size of 35 patients in Orthopaedic and Traumatology in East Java, who suffered from knee osteoarthritis. Data was collected with medical records, the questionnaire, and the Kellgren & Lawrence system to assess the grade of knee osteoarthritis. Results: The Chi-Square test results showed no significant relationship (p > 0.05) between diabetes mellitus and hypertension on the severity of osteoarthritis, both in general and by gender. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is no association between diabetes mellitus and hypertension on the severity of knee osteoarthritis between male and female patients.