Assessing Vulnerability in the Face of Multiple Hazards: Insights from a Literature Review on Indonesia's Disaster Risk Management

Disasters in Indonesia have increased in frequency and intensity during the last few decades, resulting in larger societal costs and mortality. The combination of numerous hazards is a significant obstacle to disaster risk reduction in national development. Numerous disasters have greatly affected the national development process, highlighting the necessity for disaster management to be mainstreamed and integrated into a number of policies. While the threat grows, research on vulnerability to multi-hazards remains limited. The impact of hazards increases the exposure and vulnerability of greater populations to the detrimental effects of recurring disasters. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to conduct a literature review on vulnerability assessment from the perspectives of social, economic, physical, and ecological vulnerability to multiple hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, and eruptions. The investigation used a comparative descriptive qualitative method, which examined around 55 scholarly literatures in order to provide an ordered, factual, and precise image or description of the qualities, attributes, and relationships between the issues under consideration. The results indicate limited progress in research-related topics of multi-hazards and vulnerabilities in Indonesia, as it is essential to take concrete steps to address this issue and foster growth in research and innovation. The concept of vulnerability is multifaceted, intricate, and dynamic, meaning it shifts in response to various external factors operating at various scales, ranging from local to global. Stakeholders can use the findings of this study to strengthen vulnerable societies' resilience to disaster impacts.