Assessing Supply Chain Efficiency and Sustainability in Public Food Logistics Using the SCOR Model: Evidence from Perum BULOG Kediri, Indonesia

This study evaluates the supply chain performance of premium rice at Perum BULOG Kediri Branch using the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) framework. The SCOR model—consisting of five core components: Plan, Make, Source, Deliver, and Return— provides a structured basis for assessing efficiency, responsiveness, and reliability within public food distribution systems. This empirical research adopts a qualitative and quantitative approach, combining field observations, interviews, and performance indicator analysis. Key performance metrics were derived from the SCOR model and assessed through benchmarking and internal evaluation. The findings reveal performance disparities across process categories, with notable inefficiencies in the delivery and sourcing phases, primarily due to logistical bottlenecks and supplier coordination challenges. Conversely, planning and inventory control show relatively high performance, supported by digital tracking and structured demand forecasting. The study highlights the relevance of the SCOR framework in identifying operational gaps and guiding performance improvement in government-managed supply chains. Strategic recommendations are proposed to enhance system integration, stakeholder collaboration, and digital innovation across the supply chain. These findings contribute to the growing literature on supply chain performance assessment in emerging economies and offer practical insights for public sector institutions striving to improve food distribution efficiency and service delivery. The SCOR-based evaluation framework also demonstrates its applicability for replicable use across other state-owned enterprises in Indonesia.