Anti-Inflammatory evaluation of black rice extract inhibits TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6 cytokines produced by immunocompetent cells

Black rice has been known for its many beneficial effects to our body because it contains several chemical compounds that act as anti-inflammatory agents. This study aims to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract and aqueous extract of black rice. Anti-inflammatory activity test was performed in vitro on splenocytes of diabetes mellitus mice model as the control of inflammation. Cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, anti-CD3 and lipopolysaccharide and black rice extract 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL. In day 3, cells were harvested, stained and analyzed by flow cytometry. The result shows that the ethanol extract and aqueous extract of black rice have anti-inflammatory activity. 50 µg/mL black rice aqueous extract has the most extensive anti-inflammatory activity indicated by increased T_reg cells, decreased nuclear factor kappa B activity on CD4⁺, CD8⁺ T cells, decreased production of TNF-α by CD4⁺ T cells, decreased production of IL-6 and IFN-γ by macrophages.